Kendala Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris di Sekolah Dasar

Oleh:

Dra. Rina Listia, MPd

Sirajuddin kamal, SS.,M.Ed.

Abstract

The Indonesian government has acknowledged the importance of English by putting it into the education system for five decades. English has been integrated to secondary school for a long time. The English language is exerting even stronger influence in the modern world and has become an international language. There are also advantages of introducing a foreign language for young learners. The government of Indonesia has therefore set up the policy to introduce English language in primary schools. This policy is optional. It depends on school and community demands. The government does not provide teachers and curriculum. Schools and community are in charge to provide teachers, curriculum and facilities. Teachers are one of the most important parts in the discourse of education and the process of teaching and learning in schools. It was this that interested to research their perceptions of English language teaching for primary students

Teahing Speaking Skill through Language Games

By: NOOR EKA CHANDRA

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF FKIP UNLAM BANJARMASIN

Abstract: One of the language skills that must be mastered by any foreign language learner is the ability to speak or communicate in the target language fluently. However most of the research finding has shown that most of the students of the English as a Foreign Language are quite difficult to improve their English speaking ability since they are accustomed to use their native language in their daily life. Based on that condition, thr writer in this article tries to solve the problem by offering one teaching strategy which is language games. Language games is believed can give the positive effect and joyful learning to the students in developing their speaking skill.

Bilingualism and its Aspects

BILINGUALISM AND DIGLOSSIA

By Fatchul Mu’in

Introduction

A language is used by its speaker for the sake of communication and interaction. Initially, a newborn child tries to master one language used his immediate social environment such as: family (father and mother) and surrounding people. In the age of pre-elementary school, he may have a mastery of one language; or, he may have a mastery of his mother tongue or native language. In the age level, he can be said as being a monolingual speaker. For him, to be able to use one language is sufficient.

CODES AND CODE-SWITCING

By Fatchul Mu’in

Introduction

We may refer to a language or a variety of a language as code. This is useful because it is neutral. This is to say that such terms as language, standard language, dialect, style, speech level, register, pidgin, Creole, and the other variety of the language can be called as codes. In other words, the term code is meant to refer to one of the varieties in language hierarchy. If a language is a variety of human languages, we, for example, will know that English, Javanese, Banjarese, Arabic, and Indonesia languages respectively, are codes. In reality a language has a number of varieties, and its varieties (dialect, style, pidgin, Creole, speech level, register, etc) are also referred to as codes. In this relation, Fishman states that each language variety can be identified its sound systems, vocabularies, grammatical features, and meaning (Fishman, 1972:5).

INTERFERENCE AND INTEGRATION

By Fatchul Mu’in

Introduction

Discussion on interference must be related to the use of two or m ore languages by the same individuals. This is to say that the use of those languages (or the languages are in contact) may result in interference phenomenon. So, bilingualism and bilingual have a close relationship to the language phenomenon.

As stated above, the concept of bilingualism has become broader and broader. It was regarded as the equal mastery of two languages, as explicitly defined by Bloomfield as “the native-like control of two languages”. When a speaker has the mastery of two languages whose bilingualism is in line with the Bloomfield’s concept, it seems that he will not make a linguistic deviation known as interference. Who will make such a deviation?

Varieties of Language

By Fatchul Mu’in

Introduction

All languages exhibit a great deal of internal variation. That is to say each language exists in a number of varieties. Nevertheless, what is meant by a variety of a language?. Wardhaugh define it as “a specific set of linguistic items” or “human speech patterns (sounds, words, grammatical features) which can be associated with some external factor (geographical area or a social group) (Wardhaugh, 1986: 22). A language itself can be viewed as a variety of the human languages.

A member of a speech community need not have communicative competence in just one speech variety. He could be competent in a number of them. This claim does not seem so hard to accept when we consider that speech varieties, after all, need not mean what is generally interpreted as ‘language’. A speech variety could be a national language but it could also refer to a geographical or a social dialect (sociolect) or specialized varieties such as register, style, and speech levels, etc). The range of linguistic varieties which the speaker has at his disposal is referred to as a speech repertoire (John T. Plat and H.K. Plat, 1975: 33).

Language in Social Context

By Fatchul Mu’in

Introduction

A discussion of language in social context is focussed on a language acquisition and language learning, significance of language in a community, and relation of language and society. The language acquisition is differentiated from the language learning. The former is unconsciously conducted by a language user, whereas the latter is consciously conducted by a language user. The significance of language in a community is viewed from the viewpoint of its importance in a community; and it is discussed in relation to the three inseparable elements in a community: human being, community, and language.

Language Acquisition and Language Learning

Sociolinguistics and Its Scope

By Fatchul Mu’in

Introduction

A language is not only studied from the internal viewpoint but also from the external one. Internally, it is studied based on its internal structures; whereas, externally, it is based on the linguistic factors in relation to the factors beyond the language.

A study of internal language structures (or, it is based on the sub-systems of a language) will result sub-discipline of linguistics such as phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. It is conducted through theories and procedures belonging to the discipline of linguistics; it is not related to the problems beyond the language.

The Role of Mastering English

The Role of Mastering English in Grabbing the World*)

By Drs. Abdul Muth’im, M.Pd.**)

Introduction

Mastering foreign language may result in something great. Moslems at the era of Umayyah Clan and also at the era of Abbasiah Clan proved this. Their mastery on Greek enabled them to read and learn science and philosophy written in the language. As the result, in not very long time, Moslems could make astonishing progresses in these three fields. Medicine, mathematics, chemistry, astronomy, philosophy, etc. were among some of the advancements made by Moslems. What Prophet Mohammed said to his followers around fourteen centuries ago, “Get knowledge though it is in China” seemed to inspire Moslems to do and to be the best.

English

English : the Key to Become International “Players”

By Drs. Abdul Muth’im, M.Pd.*)

Introduction

The tendency to use English as a means of communication in the world, unexceptionally in Indonesia, seems to increase every year. One of the indications of the increase can be seen from the number of users of the language. Robert (1981:595), for example, noted that in 1500 English was a minor language, spoken by a few people on a small island. However, about five centuries later the number has multiplied significantly. Hasman in English Teaching Forum published in January 2000 claimed that one out five of the world’s population speaks English with some degree of competence. And by 2000 one in five – over one billion people – will also be learning English. In addition, he added that over 70% of the world’s scientists read English. About 85% of the world’s mail is written in English. And 90% of all information in the world’s electronic retrieval systems is stored in English. He even predicted, “By 2010, the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers”.

The title of this paper is “English : the Key to Become International Players”. Its main purpose is to show us how important the mastery of English in this era is and what areas that need English more urgently. Hopefully, the discussion that comes from the presentation of this paper will motivate and encourage us to be more competent to communicate in English.